Casuality Labs Reference Blog

No one stays at home continuously from the first day of the week to the last. We go to school, college, work, shopping and run different errands on a regular basis. At some point we always bid our family and friend good bye. It’s not always easy even if we are aware that they are going to a safe place and that we are bound to see each other soon. What are some of the Goodbye quotes would you think of telling to a person on a journey for various reasons? Not just people but situations in life make us bid them goodbye. We leave the secure school walls and proceed on with life to greater challenges. Grow up and eventually get married, starting a new life altogether with our newly found spouses. What can you reflect on that will give you strength as you say goodbye? Good quotes will always help you move on. Reflecting on them will always make you smile and have nice memories of what you left behind. We should have useful words when saying goodbye to our loved ones so that they too can appreciate us in the way we would love them to remember us. Sometimes having the right words may prove to be difficult; however you shouldn’t restrain yourself from using some nice Farewell quotes. You can always borrow heartfelt, well thought of words from famous people. A quick visit to the internet will help you put your very thoughts through someone else words.

Phin Upham, Economics

Part 5 of an article on economics and Rational Choice Theory by Phin Upham.

But there is another sort of criticism that in many ways looks very similar to this sort, and which I group in the same class.  This criticism is much more dangerous for RTT.  It claims that rational choice theory itself cannot be coherently understood or applied to the world.  Or rather, that there is not one clear way to apply RTT if one does what is necessary to apply it – that is, slightly weakening at least of its obviously false postulates.  This tweaking is, again, done in the service of realism.  Since, when so weakened, the theory itself leaves us with a multitude of equally legitimate alternatives of application – all with distinct outcomes – it is hard to make sense of it as it stands.  It seems that even if we act according to the precepts of rationality, we might act rationally over a local spectrum of ranked and known options if complete information is not assumed.  With the crumbling of the complete information hypothesis it becomes unclear how or when any actual decision can be made.  How much information is enough?  What about options that are no explicitly offered or obvious but are nevertheless available, are they considered?  How long a time range ought one to think about consequences in?  A month?  A year?  A lifetime?  Even with the useful tool of present-day value considerations of future benefits, it is not clear if one overwhelming joy in the far future can coherently be thought of as preferable small joys over time. 

It is important to realize that this criticism does not necessarily reject RCT, but rather each critic sets up a theory that he/she believes is the real way people apply RCT to a realistic world.  While in the first set of critics bring in external factors were introduced into the theory for realism’s sake, the second set of critics, by weakening even the slightest assumption of RCT, fracture it so that it is unclear how, or how usefully, it is applied.  Both of these criticisms can be unified under one roof if we consider the first set as a subset of the second.  We do this by framing the first set as weakening the assumption that the model contains all the relevant considerations that humans use when making a description (since scientific model believes it is explanatorily and causally complete in generating its specific outcome).  These objections do serious damage to RCT.  What good is a theory that can be applied coherently only in a fantasy (Cartwright, we have seen, attempts to answer this)?

About the Author

Click here for more information on Phin Upham.

Are you interested in furthering your education, developing new skills and making more money? For those of us stuck in dead end jobs or careers, and those of us who are unemployed and know our old jobs will never come back, retraining and continuing education are becoming a necessity. Fortunately for us, continuing education has never been more available for working class people, thanks to the Internet.

Nursing is a high-demand occupation these days, and will be so far into the future. Health care institutions of all kinds are searching for nurses, and willing to pay wages and salaries that are commensurate with the need. If you enjoy helping others and would like to be well paid besides, consider an Online Nursing Degree Program. There are Internet networks ready to match you up with a course selection to fit the time you have available while you continue to earn a living.

Certification programs are also available online in a wide array of other fields. Have you ever wanted to become a Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt? You may not even know what that means, but just the same, you might earn more money as, and also enjoy, being one. For those interested in business, Six Sigma is a production management procedure developed at, and the name trademarked by Motorola (R). Lean Six Sigma is an adaptation of that model that is used by lean manufacturing and service businesses. It is a fascinating area of study. If this sort of thing appeals to you, it is available online from several different sources, including Purdue University.

Those with a different but equally precise and teachable mindset might choose to earn a Paralegal Online Certificate. This certification enables its holder to perform a number of functions in a number of different venues within the legal system. These subjects, however, are only three of the educational opportunities available online. It doesn’t matter if you are a former assembly line worker or former stay at home mom, there is an online college network that can help you change life for the better as long as you are willing to try to learn new skills. Even in today’s economy the variety of options is surprising, so the sooner we get started with our online research, the brighter our futures will be.

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Phin Upham, Literature, Robert Frost

This article appeared in full on SuperPhilosophy.com

Man is included in this grand ecological system as is.  He need not have an epiphany, he need not shed society, he need simply live his life.  Man fulfills hid role in the universe in each of a his small actions (mending a wall, driving a sled). He has lent meaning and significance to life as he creates and restores his own particular order.  Nevertheless Frost never allows man’s actions to become a trivial part of a huge ecological system because “beyond almost all of Frost’s poems we sense a belief in the magnitude of life, and we detect in Frost’s thought a sense of heroism of which every man partakes by the simple process of living out his life.”[1]  Frost’s view forces man away from the pinnacles of creation that more religious view such as Blake’s, and even Wordsworth’s would imply.  Man for Frost has his place, his range of possibilities, in nature and his heroism comes out of doing them well.  “It is a matter of accepting the human condition.  Man cannot realize his potential until he accepts his limitations.”[2]  As man struggles to live his life well, not through progress but through equilibrium, he is heroically accepting his imperfectibility.  Neverthaless man is always the center of Frost’s poems “whenever Frost talks directly to or directly of natural objects or creatures, we feel that he is really looking at man out of the corner of his eye and speaking to him out of the corner of his mouth”[3] because “in us nature reached its height of form, and through us it exceeds itself.”[4]

[1]Centennial Essays. “The Tragic Vision of Robert Frost.”  Robert M. Rechnitz.  p146.

[2]Centennial Essays.  Rechnitz.  p143.

[3] Cox.  p141.

[4] Faggen.  p150.

About the Author

Phin Upham was the Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Review of Philosophy, where he helped compile “Philosophers in Conversation: Interviews from the Harvard Review of Philosophy.” He graduated from the Wharton Business School of the University of Pennsylvania with a PhD in Applied Economics and works as an investor in New York City and San Francisco. Read more from SuperPhilosophy contributor Phin Upham.

weird news, social sciences, kids, race

Recently, we reported the weird news that not talking to your child about race can make them racist. So, how do we raise our children to be race sensitive without making them seem even more racist? Jolene Swain, certified parent educator, and Valerie Richards, parent education consultant specializing in race acceptance, of the University of Southern California’s School of Social Work offer these tips for avoiding colorblind parenting.

Categorize Tactfully

Children have a need to put everything, and everyone, into a category. It is part of their natural learning process, so it is important not to shy away from categorizing someone as “black” or “white”. Swain and Richards suggests that parents welcome these categorizations and guide the child toward better understanding race as a whole. Health science researcher Evan P. Apfelbaum agrees with this theory, “One implication of the findings (of the study)for parenting is that by creating an environment in which children’s discussion of race and group differences is encouraged, parents may be able to diffuse some of the anxiety and ambiguity with addressing such issues later in development.”

For example, if a six year older asks why someone is a different color, the parent can tell the child that a person’s skin color is determined by their family heritage and that all people are made to be different.

It is also important to remember that what you believe to be politically correct categorization may not be as politically correct as you thought. For example, telling your child to say “African American” instead of “black” may not be as appropriate as many believe. Swain and Richards say that it is a myth that all African Americans prefer to be called African-Americans. Children should be taught that a person should be identified by personality first, but for non-judgmental identification purposes, saying “black”, “white” or “brown” isn’t necessarily a bad thing. It is the truth, not necessarily racism.

The History of Race

While learning about race, a child can become confused about their own and how it has been portrayed throughout history. For children of any color, this confusion may result in shame or even anger.

To help your child embrace and be proud of their race, it is important to teach them about their race’s historical origins so that they can develop a positive self image and genetic legacy. This is just as important for children who are not viewed as a minority. According to Swain and Richards, parents of Caucasian children should explain, when appropriate, that being white doesn’t mean that you are invisible. They have color and history like all other groups.  

So the best cure for racial insensitivity is to talk with your child about other’s races and their own so that they can get a complete picture of how race affects the world around them. Once they are able to understand the people around them they will be less likely to unintentionally act racist toward other cultures, making them politically correct in a more sensitive way.

Phin Upham, Apuleius, The Golden Ass, The Metamorphoses

Part 2 of 4

By Phin Upham

      In Book Eight the link between the ass and a slave becomes practically explicit although the consequences of this link remain subtle.  When the mule is taken to the slave market and a possible buyer asks about his country of origin, the auctioneer answers “Cappadocian, and as strong as they make them”(p179).  The footnote helps us understand this reference which would surely have been known by the average Roman.  Although Cappadocian is unrelated to asses, it is the region where a large percentage of slaves sent to Rome originated.  Thus, Apuleius is making the connection clear between slaves and this ass, both of whom are sold in this market.  Soon afterward, behind the manger, comes perhaps the most gruesome and insightful look at slavery and its effects in ancient Rome we posses.  First Lucius describes the sorry state of the slaves, and then he describes the miserable state of the mules.  Placing these in sequence forces the reader to transfer his sympathy for the mules to the humans as well.  Furthermore, a trick is used to make sure the reader gets a jolt from this passage.  When Lucius first begins describing the men, the reader is told only that he is describing “mannikins.”  I am not sure how this translates into Latin, but I was under the impression that he was describing the mules for most of the paragraph.  Thus when Lucius later says “But how shall I describe the beasts, my comrades” (p192), we must transfer all the pity generated for the mules to the men.  This may seem like a pointless trick to the modern reader, but it must have been effective in a society with slavery.  The reader sympathizes with the ass and wishes the ass well.  By identifying the ass with human slaves, and by showing the ass being mistreated, Apuleius subtly generates pity and sympathy for slaves.  We recognize that simply because Lucius changed form does not justify his treatment. Does not, logic asks, a variation of this theme hold true for slavery?  When we wish for the ass’ freedom and a respite from his hardships, do we not also think of the slave?  Apuleius is drawing the reader in only to ingeniously change direction once he is caught the readers attention.  This tale of a foolish man turned into an ass becomes, on one level, a tale about the injustice of slavery.  But Apuleius’ critique of slavery is never direct.  He never explicitly criticizes the system.  Instead he uses the story of the mule, linked to real slavery, to convey his message.  This allows his to reach the Roman reader without offending him/her.  He is able to reach the people on a level which a direct attack could never reach.  If he openly criticized slavery, he would be dismissed and rejected by his fellow Romans.  Thus this was an effective and ingenious way to achieve his ends through subtle means. 

Part 3 of this essay available on the Academic Ledger

Remodeling the home is a project that many people will try to undertake. They want to be able to change the look of where they live without actually having to pick up and move across town or into a whole new city. The best room to start in is the bathroom where you have no doubt a ton of bathroom remodel ideas.

These ideas are best used on your master or guest bathroom where they are going to make the huge difference. When you have small kids you want to leave theirs to the very last and you probably do not need to do a whole lot to it. In fact sit down with them and ask what type of theme they would love to have and that would make it more fun for them to make use of.

Try to make their room a bit more colorful and fun. If your boys loves the movie “Cars” than maybe you could put up large wall stickers all around the room or even a shower curtain with the movie characters. The same for a girl who might love princesses or Tinkerbell.

Another great way to add in some color is to put down rugs in front of the bathtub, toilet, and sink. This is also safe and will help to keep them from slipping all over the floor. See how easy this is? Who said that remodeling the kids bathroom had to be a huge job and cost a ton of money?

background check, background checks, background check online

There are many different situations where a background check on an applicant is necessary in order to find out what kind of legal troubles they have had. Employers and landlords want to know what kind of character they are working with, and sometimes the applicant is not always forthcoming. Background checks can be done via an agency, but why spend the money when records are available online and at the county seat for much less?

A local background check can be performed easily by going to the county courthouse and going to the records room. There, you can ask a clerk to find any available files for the name of that person. Previous addresses or part of a social security number may be necessary to ensure that you have the correct person, but you can then go through any files that turn up and read through the information within.

Federal, state and local governments are making it easier to run a background check online for a minimal cost or free. Keep in mind that not every public record keeping agency is going to have files online for access. This is more due to the lack of manpower more than anything else. The other issue to keep in mind is that each state is going to be different in how it gives access to data. Some states centralize the information via a state’s website, others leave it up to each county seat to make the data accessible.

However, the U.S. government has access to records through PACER, which has every last piece of paperwork available on an individual. If an individual has been in the federal court system at some point, then anyone can find information about that person by making an account. PACER charges a per page fee of .02, but does not charge the user unless there is a minimum of $10 charged in a given quarter of the year.

Background checks are easy to perform with a little time expenditure. They are a wealth of information and illuminate the personality of the individual who is applying for the opening.